Oil burner



oct. 26 1926. Y 1,604,842

` D. cAswELL OIL BURNER l Filed March 24, 1926 Patented @et 25, i926.

PATENT OFFICE.

DOMNICK CASWELL, OF WATERTOWN, NEWvYORK.

OIL BURNER.

Appnanon nica March 24, 192e. serial No. 97,098.

This inventionrelates to improvements in oil burners, designed for use in connection with furnaces, steam generators, cooking and heating appliances, and has for its object to provide a liquid fuel burner thatis novel, simple and compact in construction, by

which the maximum heat may be producedy by the consumption ofua minimum of fuel, and which burns the fuel without any Waste or odor. A further object is to provide a burner of the class, which receives the fuel by` gravity, and in which the oxygen requiredv to effect the satisfactory combustion Vof the fuel is supplied by a novel manifold, which collects air from points below the plane of the fuel nozzle or jet, and which discharges theair at a common plane above and concentric to tlieflai'ing flame of the burning oil, the said manifold .being so positioned relatively to the plane of combustion as to facilitate the preheating of the air before vthe latter mingles with the flame. A further object is to provide .a novel adjustable deflector, which seives the dual purpose of spreading the iiame as it ascends from thesingle jet of the burner, and at the same time similarly deflects and spreads the descending oxygen ina manner to effect the union of the said i elements about midway between the discharge openingof the manifold and the nozzle or jet. And a further object is `to provide a plurality of stationary heat-and-flame deflectors, which are supported by the inanifold and tend to deflect the products of combustion horizontally beyond the manifold iii all directions.

I attain these objects by the means set forth in the detailed description which folu lows, and as illustrated by the accompanying drawing, in `which Figure 1 is a top plan view of the complete device. Fig.2 is a front side elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the base with the manifold removed. Fig. 4 is a vertical section, taken on line 4-,-4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section, taken on line 5 of Fig. 4. And Fig. 6 is a fragmentary section, showing dempers for controlling the flow of the air through the arms of the manifold.

In `the drawing, 2 represents a hollow rectangular base, comprising a relatively large air chamber, which is preferably open stalled, it is essential that the bottom of base 2 be kept openfor the free entrance of air. rlhe open top 2a of the base 2 is preferably closed by ar plate or bed 3, which is formed with a central depressed portion 3', whose top preferably sinks below the plane of the plate, for providing a relatively broad shallow fuel pan 3a. The fuel oil a" may be ap# plied to the pan Baby a pipe 4, which connects with an aligning opening or port 3", best seen in Fig. 4, the said port being concentric to a circular moat or recess 3C, which collects the oil ai fed by the said port. Any

`excess oil that escapes from .the recess 3C may drain off through an over-flow opening 3" (see Figs. 3 and 4). The oil when first turned onis allowed to substantially fillthe annular recess 3C. A feed valve (notshown) vis lusually disposed in the pipe 4 and said' being arranged to provide shallowV sockets Ythat surround the clear openings 3e. 5

represents the air manifold or spider which is preferably cast in one part, in the forfm of the let-ter X, having four hollow arms as 5', of equal length, whose free ends curve downwardly 'and are Aformed with continuous horizontal shoulders 5a, that surround reduced portions fr?, j

the latter being loosely inserted in the openings 3@ of plate 3. the. chamber 2 vflows upwardly and thence convergingly through the arms 5" 'and dis- The air received from Y charges downwardly intor a common central opening 5 that aligns axially` withthe nozzle or jet 3" and the annular recess 3C. The

arms 5 Vand the opening 5C are preferably entirely unobstructed-so that the air may be freely and copiously supplied to the coin-` bustion zone A which liesbetween therplate 3 and the underside of theI manifold, as best `shown `in Fig. 4.- The yair flowing from the manifold 5 is preferably controlled by a ly through a perforation d, and is adjustlll ably held in place by nuts 6, which rest upon the top of the manifold. The pointed lower end of the member 6 normally registers with and may enter the fuel port 3", and when the said member isv raised and lowered it tends to regulate the iiowof fuel -v while the tapered portion 6C of said member tends to deliect the flame resulting from the burning of the oil in the recess 3c, as indicated by the arrows 7 (see Fig. l). This effects the commingling` of the oxygen and e thel flame at substantially the plane indicated by the broken horizontal line 7a (see Fig. l) and complete combustion ensues. The products ofthe combustion tend to rise after being deflected vradially by the baille 6, and in order to effect the even and suitable spreading of the hot products, I provide. a number of angular. stationary. heat-and-flame deflectors, which comprise similar substantially` V- shapedwebs 8, the latter being cast with the arms V5 of the manifold. The deiiectors 8 together with the arms 5 form a substantially square deflecting field (see Figs. l and 5), that is co-extensive with the combustion zone A and tends to distribute or deflect the flame and heat radially beyond the extremities of the manifold 5 Vand the plate 3. The heat generated in the zone A rises and envelops the 'curved portions of the several arms 5v and tends to preheat the air flowing from the chamberQ toward the said zone and accordingly increases the heating capacity of the burner. The adjustmentof'the deflector 6 at its widest-practical range, as indicated by they full and dotted lines in Fig.` 2, enables the operator orfuser. to vary the capacity of the heater to suit almost any requirement. Dampers as 9, shown in the fragmentarysection, in Fig. 6, may be applied to the several 'arms 5 of the manifold, for` apportioning the air to the fuel oil, in a well-known manner.` The heating capacity of the burner may be enlarged or lessened by the raising and lowering of the deflector 6.

The present burner is essentially non-vaporizing. that is to say, the` kerosene or other fuel oil is fed directly to the Vannular recess 3c in the bottom of the pan 3a, where it is .ignited and burned without any of the usual vaporlzmg means. Astrand or two of cana rectangular top formed with an annular recess surrounding a nozzle adapted to be filled with fuel oil, and having openings near its four corners, anX-shaped hollow mani fold rising from said top, the arms of the manifold adapted to receive, air/from the openings in said top and to discharge the air above said nozzle, and ,aconical deflector in-v terposed `between the manifold and said nozzle adapted to regulatethe flow of fuel oil toward ysaid recess 4and to control the spread-l ing' ofthe flame.

2. An oil burner comprising a hollow base havingran, open bottom and a top` provided with anair opening, said top having aY fuel port therein, an Vair conduit registering with the air opening ,and having its outlet end terminating above and spaced .from said fuel port, and a double cone-shaped mixing :member, disposed intermediate they fuel port and the outlet end of the air conduit to cause the fueland air. to commingle ata point intermediate the fuel port and the air outlet.

3. An oil burner comprising a hollow base having an open bottom and a top provided with series of air` openings, said top having a centrally located fuel porttherein,acruciform shaped-conduit having its free vends. registering, with` the air openings and its opposite ends conjointly forming anv air opening, above and spaced from said fuel-V port, and a` double'coneshaped mixing memberfdisposed intermediate the fuel port and. the. openingin .the conduit to causethe kfuel and airto commingle at a point intermediate the fuel (port. and the air outlet.

V4.. Anoil burnencomprisinga hollowvbase having an open bottom and a top providedv witha series of airzopenings, saidtop hav inga centrally locatedfuelport therein, a. cruciform-shaped conduit having itsfreeends registering with the airopenings' and its.opposite ends conjointlymformin-g an air opening` above andspacedvfromsaid full port, V- shaped heat deflecting websinterposedrbes tween` ythe armsof the cruciform-shaped .conduit, and -a double `cone-shaped mixingmember disposed intermediate the fuelport and the. opening in the conduit whereby to cause the fuel and airyto connningle, at apoint intermediate the full port and-thel air outlet and Vto contactwith the heat del'iectingbatlie. to hea-t theincoming air, within the cruciform-shaped conduit.- l

5. An oil burner comprising a hollowbase havin-gan open bottom and a topv provided with a series of air openings, said top hav-k ing accentrally located fuel port therein, a.

lcrueiform-shaped conduit having its free ends registering With the air openings and its opposite ends oonjointly forming an air opening above and spaced from said fuel port, and e double cone-shaped mixingmember disposed spaced from said air opening and having its lower end disposed in s-(Lid fuel port to regulate the flow of fuel, said mixing member being rndapted to cause the fue] and air to commingle at a point inter- 10 mediate the fuel port and the air outlet.

In testimony whereof I aHiX my signature.

DoMrNioK oAsWELL. 

